Surfactants: to emulsify the grease and to soak the surfaces.
Abrasive: for scouring.
pH buffers: to provide stability for the other ingredients specially when digesting organic compounds.
Water softeners: to overcome the effect of hardness ions.
Oxidants: for bleaching.
Enzymes: to breakdown proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It also contains other ingredients that assists the foaming properties, adjust the viscosity of the solution, affects the aesthetic properties of the item to be washed, inhibits the corrosion to the equipment and reduces harm caused to the user. In addition in order to make it last longer, preservatives are also included.
The three main types of detergents that are used are laundry detergents, cleavable detergents and dispersants. All these three types differ by the strength and counteract in different ways.
Laundry detergents classically consists of ionic and anionic surfactants that act to remove dirt from the clothes, perfume, phosphorous (which makes the clothes appear white) and anticaking agents to prevent the powder from forming clumps. Biological laundry detergents contain enzymes which catalyses the breaking down of stains from food molecules.
Cleavable detergents are special surfactants that are used in biochemistry and in proteomics. This is to augment protein denaturation and increase solubility. Some of the applications of these clearable detergents are protease digestion of proteins and also with trypsin. It is also used for mass spectrometry in sample preparations. For example sodium 3-(4-(1,1-bis(hexyloxy)ethyl)pyridinium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate (PPS) is an acetalic detergent which is split under acidic conditions into hexanol and 3-acetyl-1-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium.
Dispersants can either be a non-surface active polymer or a surface-active substance when added to suspension, (usually a colloid) improves the separation of particles and prevents them from clumping. Although dispersants normally consists of surfactants, it may also be gases.
Abrasive: for scouring.
pH buffers: to provide stability for the other ingredients specially when digesting organic compounds.
Water softeners: to overcome the effect of hardness ions.
Oxidants: for bleaching.
Enzymes: to breakdown proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It also contains other ingredients that assists the foaming properties, adjust the viscosity of the solution, affects the aesthetic properties of the item to be washed, inhibits the corrosion to the equipment and reduces harm caused to the user. In addition in order to make it last longer, preservatives are also included.
The three main types of detergents that are used are laundry detergents, cleavable detergents and dispersants. All these three types differ by the strength and counteract in different ways.
Laundry detergents classically consists of ionic and anionic surfactants that act to remove dirt from the clothes, perfume, phosphorous (which makes the clothes appear white) and anticaking agents to prevent the powder from forming clumps. Biological laundry detergents contain enzymes which catalyses the breaking down of stains from food molecules.
Cleavable detergents are special surfactants that are used in biochemistry and in proteomics. This is to augment protein denaturation and increase solubility. Some of the applications of these clearable detergents are protease digestion of proteins and also with trypsin. It is also used for mass spectrometry in sample preparations. For example sodium 3-(4-(1,1-bis(hexyloxy)ethyl)pyridinium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate (PPS) is an acetalic detergent which is split under acidic conditions into hexanol and 3-acetyl-1-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium.
Dispersants can either be a non-surface active polymer or a surface-active substance when added to suspension, (usually a colloid) improves the separation of particles and prevents them from clumping. Although dispersants normally consists of surfactants, it may also be gases. 
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